女性、知识与权力——《源氏物语》中的《史记》出典研究

Women, Knowledge and Power——Research on the Origin of Historical Records from Genji Monogatari

《史记》作为平安朝皇室与贵族的教科书,在男性世界以汉文的方式获得注释和讲读的权力,从而成为一种普遍的知识信仰,平安朝的贵族女性则被排斥在这一知识权力范畴之外。紫式部是藤原道长聘请的宫廷女官,她以假名书写的《源氏物语》,形成了一个足以与"公"的男性世界相对抗的女性话语空间。但《源氏物语》又并非是纯粹的为了女性的创作,它对中国典籍的征引极其丰富。《史记》作为平安朝男性贵族的史学教科书,其写入《源氏物语》的方法,折射着女性如何以知识参与权力与话语建构的思想史。

As a textbook of the royal families and noblemen in the Heian Period, Historical Records acquired the power of commentary and reading in the Chinese language in the male-dominated world, and thus became a universal knowledge belief. The noblewomen of the Heian Period were excluded from this intellectual power. Murasaki Shikibu was the court female official, employed by the Fujiwara Michinaga. The Genji Monogatari, written in her pseudonym, had formed a world of the female discourse that could be opposed to the male world of "the public". However, Genji Monogatari was not simply a feminine creation, its quotations from Chinese classics were almost everywhere. Historical Records, as the historical textbook of the noblemen of the Heian Period, the writing method in The Genji Monogatari reflected the ideological history of how women participated in the construction of power and discourse with knowledge.