电解水制氢发展概况之一:碱式电解水

Development of hydrogen generation via water electrolysis Ⅰ:alkaline water electrolysis

碱式电解水是目前最为成熟也是商业化程度最高的电解水制氢技术,仅使用Ni等丰度较高的过渡族金属元素就可实现高效制氢.为进一步提高碱式电解水制氢的效率及质量,从催化剂材料到系统构成分别对碱式电解水的研究现状进行讨论和分析.主要介绍了新型电极及部件材料的研发,如采用多种活性材料复合制成的新型电解电极,以及新型隔离膜的开发和应用.最后指出,通过与可再生能源结合,碱式电解水制氢用电成本可以大幅下降,有望使制氢成本低于15元/kg,可媲美煤制氢、天然气制氢等.

Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is currently the most mature and commercialized technology for producing hydrogen from electrolyzed water.Highly efficient hydrogen production can be achieved using only transition metal elements with high abundance such as Ni.In order to further improve the efficiency and quality of hydrogen production from AWE,the state of art of AWE is discussed and analyzed from catalyst materials to system composition.The development of novel electrodes and component materials is introduced,such as the novel electrolytic electrode made of multi active materials,the development and application of novel membrane serving as diaphragm.Finally,it is concluded that by taking advantage of renewable energy,the energy cost of hydrogen produced via AWE can be reduced largely and eventually to obtain hydrogen cost as low as 15CHY/kg,which is comparable to the cost of hydrogen from fossil resources,such as coal and nature gas.