压水堆核电站α辐射的测量及防护

Alpha Radiation Measurement and Protection in PWR Nuclear Power Plants

压水堆核电站发生燃料包壳破损时,可能会造成燃料从燃料组件释放到冷却剂中,其中以超铀元素为主的α放射性核素可能会引起系统、设备和工作现场的α污染,也增加了工作人员α内污染的风险。但由于这种情况发生的概率很低,所以一直以来核电厂对α辐射关注较少。本文介绍了法国电力公司(EDF)和(美国)电力研究院(EPRI)在压水堆核电站α测量和防护方面的要求和流程,针对国内核电站在α污染控制方面存在的问题,提出了改进建议。

Fuel cladding defects or failure in PWR nuclear power plants(NPP)could result in release of irradiated fuel fragments from fuel assembly into coolant,among which alpha radionuclides dominated by transuranium may cause systems,equipments,and worksites contaminated,and also increase the risk of internal contamination for workers.NPPs have always paid less attention to this due to the lower probability of occurence,however.We introduces the requirements and procedures,for alpha measurement and protection in PWR NPPs,of the French Electric Power Company(EDF)and the(United States)Electric Power Research Institute(EPRI).In view of the problems existing in domestic NPPs with respect to alpha contamination control,we make suggestions for improvement.