刑事诉讼中法医精神病鉴定争议的反思与理论诠释

Rethinking and Theoretical Interpretation of Disputes over Forensic Psychiatry Appraisal in Criminal Procedure

法医精神病鉴定在一些重大刑事案件中持续成为舆论关注的焦点。不论法医精神病鉴定启动与否均会陷入被质疑的困境。这既存在制度安排的问题,也存在鉴定本身的问题,还存在凭直觉判断的问题,更存在理论误导的问题。这些问题叠加在一起衍生了较为复杂的中国性问题。这一复杂问题的解决,需要合理配置启动法医精神病鉴定程序的权力(利),科学对待法医精神病鉴定本质,尊重法医精神病鉴定的医学认定,正确使用法医精神病鉴定意见中的刑事责任能力判断,在正当程序中维护法医精神病鉴定的科学性。对于非制度问题需要正确的理论诠释,避免因实践难题与理论缺陷交织触发一些不具有实质意义的纷争和枉顾科学的呼吁。

Forensic psychiatry appraisall has been the focus of public opinion in some major criminal cases.forensic psychiatry appraisal,whether initiated or not,will fall into the position of being questioned.This is not only a matter of institutional arrangement,but also of appraisal itself.There is also a problem of judging by intuition and misleading theories.To solve these problems,we should return to the system,reasonably allocate the power(right)to initiate forensic psychiatry appraisal procedure,treat the nature of forensic psychiatry appraisal scientifically,respect medical identification of forensic psychiatry appraisall,correctly use the judgment of criminal responsibility ability in forensic psychiatry appraisal opinions and maintain scientific nature of forensic psychiatry appraisal in due process.Non-institutional issues require a correct theoretical interpretation to avoid the superposition of practical difficulties and theoretical flaws generating disputes of insubstantial significance and appeals disregard of science.