吐鲁番晋唐时期的农业活动研究——以吐峪沟石窟作物遗存为例

Research on Agricultural Activities of Turpan During Jin to Tang Dynasties:Taking Crop Remains in Tuyugou Grottoes as An Example

本文根据新疆吐鲁番晋唐时期的吐峪沟石窟出土的小麦、粟、黍等6种粮食作物遗存,结合当地出土文献,探讨了先民对谷物的利用情况。综合分析,可以推断当地先民以小麦、粟、黍等3种谷物作为主要的粮食作物;青稞也得到了较多的栽培,除食用外可能被用作牲畜饲料。除此之外,吐峪沟石窟中发现了黑大豆,可以进一步补充豆科作物在此地利用的空白;发现的薏苡遗存则可能被用作念珠使用。多种粮食作物并存反映了当时的农业水平已达到较高的程度,为当地文化发展提供了坚实的物质基础。

In this paper, the utilization of grain by ancestors is discussed based on the remains of 6 kinds of grain crops,such as wheat, foxtail millet and broomcorn millet, unearthed from Tuyugou Grottoes in Turpan, Xinjiang during the Jin and Tang dynasties, in combination with the unearthed local documents. Through analysis, it is found that wheat, foxtail millet and broomcorn millet were principal crops and the highland barley was also grown in large quantities, some of which were used as a feed for livestock. Additionally, black soybeans were found in Tuyugou Grottoes, which could further supplement the gap in the utilization of leguminous crops here, while the remains of Job’s tears can be used as beads. The coexistence of different crops indicates that agriculture was developed at such a high degree that it could provide the local residents sufficient substance to live on at that time.