石榴在陕西的引种与推广

On Introduction and Promotion of Pomegranate in Shaanxi Province

陕西作为我国石榴主产地之一,早在汉代就有关于石榴种植的记载,但对石榴在陕西的引种、推广的研究尚处于空白,目前普遍认为石榴最早由张骞自西域带回。从皇家园林的观赏植物到寻常人家喜爱的果树,各朝文学作品与典籍中可见石榴的种植范围不断扩大,用途也由最初的园林景观扩展为食用、药用、装饰等多个方面。从清代各州县地方志记载中可以还原出清末石榴在陕西的大致分布,其范围已经遍及陕西省大部分地区,成为陕西最为普遍的果树之一。陕西石榴品种繁多,如今有的品种已所剩无几,保护品种多样性是生态平衡的必要前提。

The cultivation of pomegranate was recorded in Shaanxi Province, one of the main producing areas of pomegranate in China, as early as the Han Dynasty. There were few researches on the introduction and promotion of pomegranate in Shaanxi Province. At present, it is generally believed that pomegranate was first brought back by Zhang Qian from the western regions. As is seen from various literature works and classics throughout the history, pomegranate’s planting areas continuously expanded from ornamental plants in royal gardens to fruit trees favored by ordinary people, and its use extended from the original garden landscape to many aspects such as food, medicine, decoration, etc. From local records of the Qing Dynasty, pomegranates were distributed in most counties in Shaanxi, as one of the most common fruit trees in Shaanxi Province. There used to be many varieties, but now there are only a few left, so the protection of variety diversity is a necessary prerequisite for ecological balance.