恶性肿瘤患者ICU救治早期家属探视内心体验的质性研究

A qualitative study of family members’ experience of visitation in ICU during early period of treatment for cancer patients

目的了解恶性肿瘤患者在ICU救治早期家属探视时的真实感受和心理需求。方法选取在ICU治疗的恶性肿瘤患者的家属8例。在ICU救治早期进行面对面半结构式深度访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料进行整理分析。结果共提炼4个主题:紧张焦虑与疾病不确定感并存;以患者为中心的信息需求迫切;注重医护质量及水平;探视限制较多。结论恶性肿瘤患者在ICU救治早期,家属探视时心理压力大,焦虑情绪明显,疾病不确定感较强,与患者病情突变、探视限制有关。ICU医护人员应注重探视家属的心理和信息需求,不断提高医护质量,鼓励家属积极应对,以减轻其心理压力,从而优化家属的探视体验。

Objective To explore the family members’ experience and psychological need of visitation in ICU during early period of treatment for cancer patients. Methods Eight family members of cancer patients were interviewed by semi-structured interviews, and data were analyzed by Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Results Four themes emerged from the qualitative study: tension and anxiety coexisted with the uncertainly in illness;the pressed need of knowing patient-centered condition;attention to the quality of medical care;more limitation of visit. Conclusion Family members suffered from great psychological stress and anxiety when they visited patients in ICU during early period of treatment. These feelings result from sudden change in condition and limitation of visit. Medical staffs should pay attention to the psychological and informational needs of visitors, and improve the quality of medical care continuously. Family members should be encouraged to respond actively to relieve stress, so as to optimize the visiting experience of families.