政治文化背景下的扶贫建设——来自革命老区的证据

Poverty Alleviation Construction under the Background of Political Culture:Evidence from Old Revolutionary Base Areas

革命老区作为我国脱贫攻坚的重点,以“革命老区”的身份作为政治资源的代理变量,探究了政治资源对扶贫建设的影响及机制。基于2005—2015年1882个县的面板数据,运用广义最小二乘法(GLS)和豪斯曼-泰勒(Hausman-Taylor)两种方法研究表明:相比没有政治资源的非革命老区县,“革命老区”赋予的政治资源显著扩大了其在地区和省级层面的绝对经济差距,并没有起到有助于扶贫建设的作用。其中,一类“革命老区”赋予的政治资源显著扩大了其在地区和省级层面的绝对经济差距,而在二类“革命老区”中的此影响不显著。在机制分析中,“革命老区”赋予的政治资源显著扩大了非生产性的县社会福利支出,间接地挤占其在城镇化建设的支出,生产性支出缺乏导致其经济增长动力不足,使得经济发展水平相对落后,最终扩大了其在地区和省级层面的绝对经济差距。研究成果不仅丰富了“政治晋升锦标赛”领域的研究,也为我国当前的“扶贫建设”提供了一定的现实证据支持。

Old revolutionary base areas are the key to poverty alleviation in China.This paper takes the status of“the old revolutionary area”as a proxy variable of political resources to explore the influence and mechanism of political resources on poverty alleviation construction.Drawing on panel data of 1882 counties from 2005 to 2012,and using the two methods of GLS and Hausman-Taylor,the research shows that:compared with old revolutionary base areas county’s lack of political resources,the political resources from“old revolutionary base areas”significantly expanded its absolute economic gaps in the region and provincial level of,and did not play the role of helping construction for poverty alleviation.Among them,the political resources endowed by the“old revolutionary areas”in the first category have significantly widened the absolute economic gap at the regional and provincial levels,while the influence is not significant in the second category.In the mechanism analysis,the political resources from“old revolutionary base areas”significantly expanded the non-productive county social welfare spending,indirectly,squeezing out of its spending in urbanization construction.Lack of productive expenditure leads to its poor growth impetus in economy,and economic development level is relatively backward,eventually expanding its absolute economic gaps in the region and provincial level.The research results enriches the research in the field of“political promotion tournament”and provides some practical evidence support for the current“poverty alleviation construction”in China.