近13 a河南省高产冬小麦产量构成及亲本利用演变分析

Analysis on Yield Components and Parent Utilization Evolution of High Yield Winter Wheat in Henan Province in the Past 13 Years

针对河南省高产小麦生产上面临的气候问题,利用河南省2005-2017年13 a间的小麦良种区域试验产量及相关性状数据,分析了河南省半冬性高产小麦品种的产量、产量相关性状和亲本利用的演变情况。结果表明,河南省高产小麦区试历年产量整体呈逐步上升趋势,由接近7500 kg/hm^2提升到7500 kg/hm^2以上;相关性分析表明,2008年以前区试高产品种产量构成三要素中,穗粒数和千粒质量对产量贡献大,说明该阶段育种更注重穗部性状,而2008年以后区试高产品种产量构成三要素中,公顷穗数和千粒质量对产量贡献突出,说明这一阶段河南把公顷穗数作为育种的重点;进一步对13 a的参试品种亲本利用情况进行分析,以周麦系列品种作亲本参试品种的比率与区域试验中参试品种平均增产幅度进行相关性分析,相关系数为0.771839,达极显著水平,说明在这一时期利用周麦系列品种作为亲本,对河南冬小麦高产育种和品种增产起到了重要作用。

In view of the climate problems facing high-yield wheat production in Henan province,by using regional experimental data of high yield wheat in Henan province in the past 13 years(2005-2017),the evolution of the yield and the structure of yield for high yield wheat and the parent utilization in Henan province in the past 13 years were analyzed.The results showed that trend of yield change increased gradually from nearly 7500 kg/hm^2 to over 7500 kg/hm^2.Correlation analysis of yield components and yield of varieties for the high yield wheat varieties showed that before 2008 the grain number and 1000 grain quality had great contribution to yield’s formation,at this stage,more attention on breeding should be paid to panicle selection.After 2008,the number of ears per hectare and 1000 grain quality made a prominent contribution to the yield’s formation,at this stage,more attention on breeding be paid to the selection for panicle’s number.Correlation analysis between the ratio of the breed with Zhoumai series as parents and the average yield of the sample in regional trials showed that the correlation was highly significant(r=0.771839),that was to say,by using Zhoumai series as parents played an important role in breeding of high yield wheat and yield’s increase of winter wheat varieties in Henan province in 2005-2017.