不同叶型棉花功能叶片光合特性差异分析

Analysis on Photosynthetic Characteristic Differences of Functional Leaves of Cotton with Different Leaf-type

选用正常掌状叶和鸡脚叶2种叶型的棉花近等基因系作为材料,分别在苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期,测定主茎功能叶片光合生理指标及2种蔗糖合成相关酶活性,并对各项测定指标与产量因素进行相关性分析,以期为选育棉花高产品种提供理论依据。结果表明,整个生育期正常叶棉花净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均高于鸡脚叶;除苗期外,其他生育时期正常叶总叶绿素含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性、蔗糖合成酶活性均高于鸡脚叶;蕾期和花铃期,正常叶碳水化合物含量高于鸡脚叶;相关性分析表明,净光合速率、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性、蔗糖合成酶活性与单铃质量呈显著正相关。与鸡脚叶相比,正常掌状叶棉花叶片光合色素含量、2种蔗糖合成相关酶活性等较高,有利于光合产物的转运与积累,是其产量较高的主要原因。

Two cotton near isogenic lines with different leaf shapes, normal palmate leaf cotton and chicken okra leaf were selected,the photosynthetic physiological indexes and the activities of two enzymes related to sucrose synthesis of the functional leaves on main stems were measured at the seedling stage, bud stage, flower and boll stage and boll opening stage, and the correlation between each index and yield factors was analyzed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of high-yield varieties of cotton. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the normal leaves in the whole growth stage were higher than those of the chicken okra leaf cotton. The chlorophyll content, sucrose phosphate synthetase and sucrose synthetase activity of the normal leaves were higher than those of the chicken okra leaves except the seedling stage. The carbohydrate content of the normal leaves was higher than that of the chicken okra leaves in the bud stage and the flower and boll stage. Correlation analysis showed that net photosynthetic rate, sucrose phosphate synthetase and sucrose synthetase were positively correlated with single boll quality. Compared with the of chicken okra leaves, the normal palmate leaves have higher photosynthetic pigment content and higher activity of enzymes related to sucrose synthesis, which are conducive to the transport and accumulation of photosynthetic products, it is the reason for the high yield.