播期对青贮大麦产量和青贮品质的影响

Effect of Sowing Date on Biomass Yield and Silage Quality in Barley

为探究新疆北部地区播期对青贮大麦产量、青贮原料品质和青贮品质的影响,以3个大麦品种(系)(垦啤麦13、P13-3和甘啤4号)为材料,分别于3月18日、4月2日、4月17日播种,对其青贮农艺性状、干草产量、青贮原料营养成分和青贮品质进行分析。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,青贮大麦生育期大幅度缩短,4月17日播种时生育期较3月18日缩短22~23 d。晚播会显著降低大麦干草产量,晚播(4月17日)时3个品种(系)干草产量比早播(3月18日)降低15.2%~24.2%,其中垦啤麦13降幅最大。推迟播种使垦啤麦13和甘啤4号茎、穗的干物质分配比例下降,叶的干物质分配比例上升。晚播使P13-3和甘啤4号洗涤纤维含量(中性和酸性)和粗脂肪含量分别显著上升和下降,显著降低P13-3的粗蛋白含量,提高甘啤4号可溶性碳水化合物含量。播期对青贮品质影响因品种(系)而异,晚播降低了甘啤4号青贮的pH值、氨态氮含量,提高乳酸含量,对其他品种(系)无显著性影响。总体来看,新疆青贮大麦在外界条件允许的条件下,应适当早播。

In order to explore the effects of different sowing dates on the yield,forage quality and silage quality of barley in northern Xinjiang,three barley varieties(Kenpimai 13,P13-3 and Ganpi 4)were sown on March 18(B1),April 2(B2)and April 17(B3).The agronomic characters,dry matter yield,forage quality and silage quality of barley were analyzed.The results showed that the growth period of barley was greatly shortened by late sowing,and the growth period of barley under B3 sowing date was 22-23 days shorter than that under B1 sowing date.Late sowing significantly reduced the forage yield of barley.Compared with early sowing,the forage yield of late sowing was decreased by 15.2%to 24.2%,and the yield of Kenpimai 13 was decreased the most.Late sowing resulted in a decrease in the proportion of stems and ears and an increase in the proportion of leaves in Kenpimai 13 and Ganpi 4.Late sowing had a significant effect on the forage quality of barley.Late sowing significantly increased the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and decreased the content of crude fat in P13-3 and Ganpi 4.The crude protein content of P13-3 was decreased significantly and the soluble carbohydrate of Ganpi 4 was increased significantly.Late sowing had different effects on silage quality of different varieties.After late sowing,pH value,ammonia nitrogen content were decreased and lactic acid content was increased,but late sowing had no significant effect on the other two varieties.Generally,Xinjiang silage barley should be sown early if the external conditions are suitable.