基于水平极化定向天线阵的数字波束形成算法

A digital beamforming algorithm of horizontally polarized directional antenna array

研究窄带多径环境下基于短波水平极化定向天线阵列的数字波束形成算法,短波定向天线阵列流型复杂无法确定建模,常采用盲波束形成算法。针对现有盲波束形成算法所需先验信息多、弱信号效果差、使用范围有限且复杂度较高等问题,设计了一种短波多极化异构阵列协同处理方案,提出了基于自适应加载投影反馈的多径增强波束形成算法。该异构阵列包含短波垂直极化全向天线阵和短波水平极化定向天线阵,充分利用两种极化阵列优点,算法综合利用空间平滑、协方差矩阵求逆和空间投影等方法,通过自适应加载处理提高波形估计的稳健性。算法计算简便,所需先验信息少,非理想条件适应性强。推导了算法的实现过程和误差分析,计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。

In this paper, the digital beamforming algorithm for horizontally polarized directional antenna array in narrowband multipath environment is studied. Because the steering vector of directional antenna arrays is complex and cannot be modeled exactly,blind beamforming algorithm is usually used for directional antenna arrays. As the existing blind beamforming algorithms require much prior information, work poorly for weak signals, have limited applications, and need high computational complexity, this paper designs a multi-polarization heterogeneous array cooperative processing scheme, and proposes a new multipath strengthening beamforming algorithm based on adaptive loading projection. The heterogeneous array consists of vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna array and horizontal polarization directional antenna array. The new algorithm utilizes the respective advantages of the two polarization arrays. This algorithm combines the methods of spatial smoothing, sampling matrix inversion, and spatial projection, and further improves the robustness of waveform estimation through adaptive loading processing. The algorithm requires less computation and less prior information, and has strong adaptability to non-ideal conditions. The implementation process and error analysis of the new algorithm are deduced, and effectiveness of the new algorithm is verified through computer simulations.