医学服务、科研和教育中的伦理原则、监管与公共监督

Ethical principles, supervision and public oversight in medical services, research and education

医学承载人类健康责任。技术能力、服务标准、职业道德和社会责任心共同构成这个行业的灵魂。不伤害和有利原则、尊重和公正原则,是建立良好医患关系和规范医疗服务行为的职业伦理体系,已被国际、国内行业规范所认定。医学科研的发展,要求在保证真实性、有效性、安全性的基础上,确保受试者自主选择、风险最小化和社会公正,并建立起与之配套的各项程序。现代医学教育肩负为医学行业提供适任的人力资源的责任,直接影响卫生服务的可及性与健康结果,其目标、运作和评估日益成形。面临当前医疗公平问题突出且医患关系日益恶化、医学科研领域丑闻和伦理争议层出不穷、医学教育未能完全匹配社会需求的诸多问题,循证医学方法学向政策和社会科学领域延伸,以期为获得高质量科学证据提高决策质量提供助力。

Medicine bears the responsibility for human health. Technical competence, service standards,professional ethics and social accountability constitute the soul of this profession. The principles of nonmaleficence,beneficence, respect for autonomy and justice help to establish good doctor-patient relationship and regulate medical services, which has been fixed by international and domestic professional norms. Besides to ensure its truth, effectiveness and safety, medical research also should require certain rendering of subject’s autonomy, minimizing risks and maintaining social justice. Some procedures have established for supporting it. Modern medical education furnishes suitable human resources for medical profession, which directly affects the accessibility and outcomes of health services.Its objectives, operations and assessments are increasingly taking shape. Faced with the current issues of healthcare equity,worsening doctor-patient relationship, scandals and ethical controversies in medical research, and the failing of medical education to fully match social needs, evidence-based medical methodology is extending to policy and social sciences for identifying and creating high-quality scientific evidence to improve the quality of decision-making.