马克思市民社会批判思想探析

On Marx’s Critical Thought of Civil Society

黑格尔作为近代市民社会研究的集大成者,运用伦理精神与“正”“反”“合”的思辨逻辑,将家庭、市民社会、国家划分为伦理精神的三个阶段,得出国家决定市民社会的结论。马克思结合现实实际以及对国家社会历史的考察,以批判黑格尔的市民社会思想为开端,首先立足于法哲学的角度对市民社会进行了批判。随着批判进程的不断推进,市民社会批判陷入“窘境”,于是马克思的市民社会批判视角开始发生“转向”,转向了重在揭示市民社会本质的政治经济学批判视角。与此同时,唯物史观大厦的根基开始建立,由此马克思对市民社会进行了历史维度的批判。

As a master of modern civil society research,Hegel used ethical spirit and the logic of“positive”,“negative”and“combination”to divide family,civil society and state into three stages of ethical spirit,and draws the conclusion that the state decides civil society.Based on the reality and the investigation of national social history,Marx criticized the civil society thought from the angle of philosophy of law.With the continuous progress of the critical process,the criticism of civil society was in a dilemma,so Marx's critical perspective of civil society began to turn to the political and economic critical perspective which focused on revealing the essence of civil society.At the same time,the foundation of the historical materialism began to be established,so Marx criticized the civil society from the historical dimension.