荀彧死因探析

Analysis of the Cause of XUN Yu’s Death

《三国志》和《后汉书》对荀彧的死因、定位及评价有所不同,引发了学界的研究兴趣。大多数学者认为,荀彧因忠汉而反对曹操加九锡、称魏公而死。这一观点值得商榷。由于《三国志》是在两晋否认曹魏正统以及有意塑造先祖形象为汉臣的环境下写成,《后汉书》是在胡汉政权对立、民族矛盾尖锐、着重强调殉汉的时代背景下完成,均存在美化荀彧忠汉形象的可能。结合史料考察与荀彧关系密切之人在曹魏代汉之际的表现及其在曹魏政权建立之后的仕宦经历,可证荀彧之死不是因为忠汉,而是由于其作为颍川士人集团的核心人物遭到曹操的疑忌被迫身死。

There are great differences in the records of XUN Yu's death,positioning and evaluation between The Annals of the Three Kingdoms and Book of the Later Han Dynasty,which attracts the study interest of the academic circles.Most scholars believe that XUN Yu died of his loyalty to the Han Dynasty and opposed CAO Cao to call himself Wei Gong.This view is questionable.The Annals of the Three Kingdoms was written in the circumstance of denying the orthodoxy of CAO Wei and deliberately portraying the image of ancestors as Han ministers in the Jin Dynasty,and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty was completed under the background of the opposition between Hu and Han regimes,sharp ethnic contradictions and emphasizing martyrdom of Han Dynasty.Therefore,the two books have the possibility of beautifying XUN Yu's image of loyalty to the Han Dynasty.Combined with historical data,this paper examines the performance of the characters closely related to XUN Yu during the period of CAO Wei Dynasty and Han Dynasty,as well their official experiences after the establishment of CAO Wei Dynasty,it is possible to prove that XUN Yu s death is not because of his loyalty to Han Dynasty,but for his being as a core figure of Yingchuan scholar group,he was finally forced to die of CAO cao's suspicion.