孙思邈在道教中形象变迁及原因考

A Study on the Changing Process and Reasons of SUN Simiao’s Image in Taoism

孙思邈备受道教尊崇。文章以《道藏》中孙思邈形象变迁为研究对象,旨在以道教典籍中的名医形象为视角,通过文献研究、比较研究等方法,力图探寻孙思邈在道教文化中的影响以及孙思邈被道教神化的原因。文章认为,《道藏》经典记载,孙思邈的神化经历了漫长的过程,终于由五代初列仙班到明代成为高品之仙。孙思邈在道教中被神化的原因,除了他医术高超外,还因他和道教之间关系密切。从史书记载来看,孙思邈具有修道长寿、淡泊名利等特质,他的医理与道教相类。从孙思邈自己的著作来看,他具有慕道思想,"贵柔尚阴",认为大医应精熟方术。他也具有慕道行为,在他医术中具有明显的道教特色,他使用道教医学方法治病,其医书中包含大量道教禁忌。

SUN Simiao is highly respected in Taoism. This article takes the image change of SUN Simiao in Taoist temples as the research object, aiming at exploring the influence of SUN Simiao in Taoist culture and the reason why SUN Simiao was deified by Taoism from the perspective of the image of famous doctors in Taoist classics, through literature research and comparative research.According to the Taoist temples, SUN Simiao’s deification went through a long process, and finally became a high-level immortal from the Five Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty. The reason why SUN Simiao was deified in Taoism is not only his excellent medical skills, but also his close relationship with Taoism. From the historical records, SUN Simiao practiced Taoism and has a long life. He is indifference to wealth and status. His medical theory is similar to Taoism. According to SUN Simiao’s own books, he has a great interest in Taoism and great appreciation in femininity. He believes that an excellent doctors should be proficient in magic. He also has the behavior of admiring Taoism. He has obvious Taoist characteristics in his medicine, which contains a large number of Taoist taboos and uses Taoist medical methods to treat diseases.