语言接触下的日汉合璧词研究——以“壁咚”为例

The Study of Chinese Loan Words from Japanese from the Perspective of Language Contact: A Case Study of “Bidong”( 壁咚)

在当代汉语中,由于日语对汉语的影响,产生了很多日汉合璧词,如“壁咚”。“壁咚”的“咚”是拟声性质的,其“名物性词素+拟声性词素”的结构方式及语序在汉语词汇中是非常特殊的,以它为原型,还产生一个形式为“XX咚”的词族。一批“XX咚”词语的出现推动了承载“壁咚”整体意义的词素“咚”的出现,“壁咚”词素化为“咚”,这也使得“壁咚”的内部结构更紧密,语义更凝结。“壁咚”在语言运用中,从一个特指“一种恋爱告白的方式”的名词发展出了动词用法,在句法功能上主要用作主语、宾语和谓语,且作谓语时可带宾语,经历了由“一价”动词到“二价”动词的演变过程。

There are many loan words from Japanese in contemporary Chinese because of the Japanese influence,Bidong is an example.Don’t(咚)is an onomatopoetic morpheme.The structural pattern of Bidong is nominal morpheme+onomatopoetic morpheme,this is irregular in Chinese lexis.Based on the prototype of Bidong,a word family of XX+Dong has been generated.The emergence of a batch of XX+Dong words has promoted the generation of morpheme Dong which bears the whole semanteme of Bidong,also made the structure of Bidong tier.Bidong has developed into a normal verb from a proper noun which names a method of affectional confession in the practice of using it.Bidong has processed an evolution from single valence verb to bivalent verb.Bidong can be used as subject and object and predicate which can take objects.