实践困境、国际经验与新文化保守主义的行动哲学——关于乡村振兴与非物质文化遗产保护的思考

Practice Dilemma, International Experience and the Action Philosophy of the New Cultural Conservatism: Thinking about Rural Revitalization and Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage

2003年《保护非物质文化遗产公约》(以下简称《公约》)的出台与推行,令非物质文化遗产及其保护工作在世界范围内获得了广泛关注。这种关注不仅表现在《公约》缔约国数量的增加与各国相关实践的深入,也展现在《公约》及其相关国际文书中所强调的多边对话、相互尊重、以社区为中心等一系列由理念构成的工作原则在各缔约国保护实践中的逐步内化。只是在内化过程中,上述国际理念与缔约国复杂的文化事实磋磨出各种"水土不服"的现象。检省这些现象所展露的困境与经验,探讨其背后的新文化保守主义的行动哲学,有助于为非物质文化遗产保护的中国模式寻求更多的可能性,让上述理念不至变为囿束,转而成为推动中国乡村振兴与非物质文化遗产可持续发展的动力。

With the promulgation of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003 and the implementation in the following decade,the intangible cultural heritage and its safeguarding work have obtained worldwide concern.This concern is reflected not only in the increased number of States parties to the Convention,but also in the implementation of relevant practices in countries,as well as in the gradual internalization of such ideas as multilateral dialogue,mutual respect and community-centeredness.However,conflicts frequently occurred between the operation of the above-mentioned concepts or principles advocated by UNESCO at the international level and the diverse cultural contexts at the national or even local levels.Therefore,this paper intends to discuss the action philosophy of the new cultural conservatism which is contained in the dilemma and experience in the protection of intangible cultural heritage.In the process of dialogue,we are seeking more possibilities for building a Chinese model,so that the above ideas will be a driving force to promote the sustainable development of China’s intangible cultural heritage instead of being constraints.