授权式协商:传统乡村矛盾纠纷的治理逻辑及当代价值——以鄂西余家桥村“说公”为例

Delegated Negotiation: The Governance Logic of Traditional Rural Social Conflicts and Disputes and Its Contemporary Value: Taking the Case of “Shuo-Gong” in Yujiaqiao Village in Western Hubei Province as an Example.

在已有研究中,协商往往在价值范式下去理解,与民主高度关联,这一界定容易陷入西方话语语境,而忽视了中国本土所不一样的协商事实。在中国乡村社会,协商是一种治理工具,以解决问题为导向。这种工具范式下的协商与治理高度关联,在中国乡村有着深厚的社会土壤。以余家桥村"说公"为研究对象,发现在"国法不下乡"的传统时期,矛盾纠纷通过协商自治的方式得以调解。协商表现为一种"授权"的逻辑,具体体现为一种"授权式协商"。欠缺平等协商能力和对话能力的农民主体,授权有能力、有权威的主体代表自己协商,通过公开、公共的讨论,形成一致的共识,有效解决问题,以维系秩序。中国乡村社会具有深厚的协商土壤,并孕育出多种形式的协商机制。这种"协商基因"并没有因历史变迁而消逝,而是扎根于乡村社会土壤。挖掘并激活农村社会的"协商基因",对实现新时代乡村有效治理具有一定的启发性。

In the existing theories,negotiation is often understood in the value paradigm and highly correlated with democracy.This definition tends to fall into the context of western discourse,while ignoring the fact of negotiation which is different in China.In China’s rural society,negotiation is a governance tool,and it is problem-oriented.The consultation and governance under this tool paradigm are closely related and have deep social soil in Chinese villages.Taking"Shuo-Gong(mediation)" in Yujiaqiao Village as the research object,it is found that in the traditional period when "national law did not go to the countryside",conflicts and disputes could be mediated through self-governance through consultation.Negotiation was embodied in the logic of"authorization",which is embodied in the logic of "authorization negotiation".Farmers who lacked equal consultation and dialogue abilities should be empowered to negotiate on their behalf by competent and authoritative subjects,so as to form consensus through open and public discussions,effectively solve problems and maintain orders.China’s rural society has a deep soil of consultation and gives birth to a variety of forms of consultation mechanism.This negotiation gene does not disappear with historical changes but takes root in the soil of rural society.Exploring and activating the negotiation gene of rural society is of certain enlightenment for the realization of effective rural governance in the new era.