敦煌马圈湾汉简“埻道”释义辨正

Differentiation and Rectification of the Explanations of Zhun dao （埻道） in Majuanwan Bamboo Slips Unearthed at Dunhuang

敦煌马圈湾汉简以及居延汉简均有"埻道"一词,其义与古代射箭活动有关,学者认为是"练习射箭的靶场"或"射箭场地"。根据马圈湾汉简"埻道广、高各丈"的描述,可知其所指应非靶场。通过梳理居延汉简相关简文,重点考察"埻""埻""射埻"诸词内涵,知"埻道"在功能上与此类语词通言无别,俱可指称箭靶,只是在表述上各有侧重。"埻道"在具体的词义指向上,似是偏指可设施相关附属物的用于射箭的土垛(土墙)。岳麓书院所藏秦简《为吏治官及黔首》亦有"(埻)道"一语,但由于词境限制性不强,目前似不宜与汉简"埻道"强行牵合。

The word zhundao(埻道)appeared in the Han dynasty slips from Majuanwan and Yuyan as a term connected with ancient archery culture,with some scholars believing that zhundao refers to the act of shooting or to archery fields.Based on the descriptive text from the Han dynasty slips from Majuanwan,"zhundao"literally means"wide and tall"and is thus not likely a reference to the shooting field.By analyzing some texts of the Han dynasty slips from Juyan,and focusing on the meaning of zhun and the related words zhungong(埻)and shezhun(射埻),researchers have concluded that there is no difference in function between these words,and that they all refer to the target,only with different emphases.Semantically,zhundao refers to the earthen walls which were used for placing a target.The word zhundao(道,same pronunciation and same"dao"but a different"zhun"character)also appeared in the Qin dynasty slip text entitled"weilizhiguan ji qianshou"(《为吏治官及黔首》)kept in the Yuelu Academy.Due to the strict contextual limitations of this word’s use,however,it is not suitable to be regarded as being the same as the zhundao(埻道)recently found in the Han dynasty slips.