软组织感染致脓毒性休克的早期诊断与治疗

The early diagnosis and therapy of septic shock caused by soft tissue infection

目的评估快速序贯器官衰竭评分(quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment,qSOFA)用于预测成人软组织感染致脓毒性休克的准确性,分析该类患者的临床特点,为其多学科治疗提供参考。方法回顾性研究2012年1月至2018年12月北京医院普外科和解放军总医院第四医学中心烧伤整形科收治的成人软组织感染患者,除外同时合并其他部位感染的患者。根据患者住院期间是否发生脓毒性休克分为脓毒性休克组和非脓毒性休克组,使用Fisher精确检验比较两组患者的基线数据、非手术治疗方案及预后。计算qSOFA评分诊断脓毒症和脓毒性休克的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和受试者工作特征曲线下面积。同时根据患者软组织感染病因分为4组,比较各组患者致病菌、外科治疗方案和脓毒性休克发病率。结果共纳入192例患者,其中28例(14.6%)患者发生脓毒性休克。脓毒性休克组患者在诊断感染24 h内qSOFA评分≥2分的比例(60.7%vs 18.3%,P=0.001)和诊断感染48 h内脓毒症发病率(82.1%vs 32.9%,P<0.01)高于非脓毒性休克组。以qSOFA评分≥2分为截断值,诊断软组织感染致脓毒性休克的敏感度为60.7%,特异度为81.7%,阳性预测值为36.2%,阴性预测值说92.4%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积说0.767(95%CI:0.665~0.869,P<0.01)。坏死性筋膜炎患者中脓毒性休克发病率(36.4%)和28 d病死率(13.6%)高于其他病因组患者(均P<0.05)。最常见的病原微生物依次为甲氧西林敏感葡萄球菌(6.8%)、耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(6.2%)、肠杆菌(5.7%)及肠球菌(5.2%)。结论qSOFA评分≥2分可以作为预测成人软组织感染致脓毒性休克的快速筛查工具。早期诊断脓毒症,彻底清创以及有效的抗感染治疗是救治该类患者成功的关键。

Objective To assess the prognostic accuracy of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)score for septic shock of adults with soft tissue infections.The clinical characteristics of these patients were analyzed to provide reference for their multidisciplinary treatment.Methods A retrospective study was conducted.The patients with soft tissue infections admitted to the General Surgery Department of Beijing Hospital and the Burn and Plastic Surgery Department of Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018 were enrolled and patients combined with other infections were excluded.Patients were divided into the septic shock group and the non-septic group according to whether septic shock occurred during hospitalization.The baseline data,non-operative management and prognosis were compared between the two groups with Fisher's exact test.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of the qSOFA for diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock were calculated.Patients were also divided into four groups according to the etiology of soft tissue infection.The pathogens,surgical treatment and morbidity of septic shock among the four groups were also compared.Results A total of 192 patients were enrolled,including 28(14.6%)patients with septic shock.Compared with the non-septic shock group,there were more proportion of patients with qSOFA≥2(60.7%vs 18.3%,P=0.001)within 24 h of diagnosis of infection,and higher morbidity of sepsis(82.1%vs 32.9%,P<0.01)within 48 h of diagnosis of infection in the septic shock group.At the cut-off value of qSOFA≥2,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and the AUC were 60.7%,81.7%,36.2%,92.4%and 0.767(95%CI:0.665-0.869,P<0.01)respectively for diagnosis of septic shock.The morbidity of septic shock(36.4%)and 28-day mortality(13.6%)in patients with necrotizing fasciitis were higher than those in patients with other causes(both P<0.05).The most common pathogens were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus(6.8%),methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus(6.2%),Enterobacter(5.7%)and Enterococcus(5.2%).Conclusions qSOFA≥2 can be used as a rapid septic shock screening tool for adults with soft tissue infection.Early diagnosis of sepsis,thorough debridement and effective antibiotic treatment are essential for these patients.