清代黑龙江索伦、达斡尔人留京问题刍论

Discussion on Stay-in-Beijing Problem among Solon and Daur People of Heilongjiang Region during Qing Dynasty

清朝入关以降,一直保持着多条途径吸纳黑龙江地区索伦、达斡尔人留京效力。两族留京者户籍编入京城八旗满洲旗分,且由皇帝直辖;差职主要以选充侍卫、拜唐阿以及各精锐旗营前锋、护军起步,佼佼者又可通过军功迅速晋升,并在八旗体制内官居高位。他们身为清帝近臣又熟谙地方族群与社会,成为黑龙江地区治理工作的参与者,并凭借军事才能为近卫武装注入了活力,对京城八旗官兵也起到了一定的示范作用。此外,留京机制对于深化索伦、达斡尔人的国家认同甚为有益。

Since the Qing Dynasty entered the Shanhai Pass,it always maintained several ways to bring in Solon and Daur people who came from the Heilongjiang region to move to Beijing for serving.The people from those two ethnic groups who stayed in Beijing were enrolled in the Manchu Eight Banners of Beijing,and they were directly under the jurisdiction of the emperors;As a start of their careers,they were mainly selected to fill the positions of imperial bodyguard,baitangga(拜唐阿)and vanguard or hujun(护军)of various elite military units of Eight Banners.The best of them could be promoted quickly to high positions in the system of Eight Banners by military merits.As close officials of the emperors and insiders of local ethnic groups and society,they became participants in the governance for the Heilongjiang region.On the other side,they injected vitality into the emperors'guard force with their military talents,which put a demonstration effect on the soldiers of Beijing's Eight Banners.Besides,the stay-in-Beijing mechanism was very useful for strengthening national identity among Solon and Daur people.