存在的创伤与主体的发生——存在主义与精神分析交互视域下的焦虑问题

Trauma of Existence and Genesis of Subject

在萨特的存在主义学说和拉康的精神分析学说中,“焦虑”都占有重要的理论地位。萨特将焦虑界定为人在世的基本情绪,将其与人存在的缺失或虚无联系在一起,并将其视为人自由存在的模式,却在焦虑有无对象这一问题上陷入摇摆。拉康则将焦虑视为触及实在的情绪,认为它与人在身体层面的某种缺失和创伤有关,而作为这种创伤的印记与重复,焦虑的对象所引发的诡异体验恰恰得以彰显人在与大写他者的关系中作为欲望主体生成的历史及其存在的真相。在弗洛伊德学说的启示下,通过对萨特等存在主义者关于焦虑的哲学思考进行创造性的重构和发展,拉康得以进一步揭示焦虑可能具有的存在论内涵与伦理学意蕴。

Anxiety occupies an important theoretical position in both Sartre's existentialism and Lacan's psychoanalysis.Sartre defines anxiety as the fundamental emotion of human's being-in-the-world,relates it with the lack or nothingness of human existence,and regards it as the mode of human's free existence,but sways on the issue of whether there is an object of anxiety.Lacan regards anxiety as the emotion which touches the real,and thinks that it is related to some kind of loss and trauma of human body,and as the imprint and repetition of this trauma,the uncanny experience caused by the object of anxiety just manifests the history of human's becoming the subject of desire and the truth of his existence in relation to the Other.Under the inspiration of Freud's doctrine,by creatively transforming and developing the philosophical thinking of anxiety by the existentialists like Sartre,Lacan deepens the ontological meaning and ethical significance that anxiety may have.