儒家三纲之道的伦理学本体论

The Ethical Ontology of the Three Principles of Confucianism

汉武帝采纳了董仲舒"罢黜百家,独尊儒术"的建议,定儒学为"一尊"。从哲学上看,所谓"一尊"就是要把儒学提高到本体的地位。儒学思想的核心内容是伦理问题,所谓把儒学提升为本体,实则就是建立伦理学本体论。西汉董仲舒的"天人感应"论就是一种初级的伦理学本体论,通过"天"与"人"外在的比附、类比来建立,是比较粗糙的,尚不是真正本体意义上的伦理学本体论。经汉代的宇宙发生论、魏晋的宇宙本体论、隋唐的心性本体论,至宋代才建构起伦理学本体论,即统治中国封建社会六百余年的宋明理学。宋明理学是伦理学本体论或曰伦理学主体性的本体论,其核心任务是将儒学伦理学的思想内容和相关问题提高到宇宙存在的高度,使其成为有如宇宙存在一样的必然、根本和神圣。

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu’s proposal of"deposing hundreds of schools and respecting Confucianism alone",and defined Confucianism as"one".From a philosophical point of view,the so-called"one respect"is to raise Confucianism to the status of noumenon.The core content of Confucianism is ethical issues.The so-called promotion of Confucianism to ontology is actually the establishment of ethical ontology.Dong Zhongshu’s theory of"heaven and man’s induction"in the Western Han Dynasty is a kind of primary ethics ontology.It is relatively rough to establish it through the comparison and analogy between"heaven"and man’s exterior,which is not a real ontology.It was not until the Song Dynasty that the ontology of ethics was established,that is,the Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties,which ruled the feudal society of China for more than 600 years.Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties is the ontology of ethics or the subjectivity of ethics.Its core task is to raise the ideological content and problems of Confucian ethics to the height of the existence of the universe and make it as inevitable,fundamental and sacred as the existence of the universe.