从知识本位到素养本位：小学数学教科书习题板块的变迁及启示

From Knowledge-based Mode to Competency-based Mode:Research on the Change of the Exercises Parts of Primary Mathematics Textbooks

数学教科书是实现“四基”与“四能”培养目标的核心载体,是教学内容的直接体现、教师教的关键资源、学生学的重要文本。习题板块作为教科书练习系统,对知识运用、教学检验、学情反馈、认知结构外化都有重要意义。通过梳理新旧两版教科书中的练习题目,从编排体例、内容组织、呈现形式三个维度进行比较分析,立足习题功能的高效发挥,练习板块的优化设计,探究习题系统的变迁趋势与突出特征。研究显示小学数学教科书中习题设计呈现出以下特点:习题择取的代表性、知识呈现的统整性、问题设计的变式性、情境创设的生活性、题目表征的多元性。

Mathematical textbooks are the core carrier for the goal of“four bases”and"four capabilities",the direct expression of teaching content,the key resources for teachers to teaching and the important text of learning.As a practice system of teaching materials,the exercise section is of important significance for knowledge application,teaching test,learning feedback and the externalization of cognitive structure.By combing the exercises in the new and old textbooks from three dimensions:layout styles,content organizations and presentation forms,the research aimed at exploring the changing trends and outstanding features of the problematic system based on the efficient use of the problem function and the optimized design of the practice sections.It was shown that the exercises design in the primary mathematics textbook had the following characteristics:the representativeness of the exercises,the integrity of knowledge presentation,the paradigm of questions design,the life orientation of creating situation and the diversity of exercises forms.