农业科技研发支出与科技创新对农业生产的促进作用

Promotion effects of agricultural research and development expenditure and science and technology innovation on agricultural production

【目的】明确农业科技创新成果和科技创新环境在促进农业生产过程中发挥的具体机制及作用,为促进农业经济发展、实现农业产业转型升级提供理论参考。【方法】收集我国30个省(区、市)2005-2017年的农业相关数据,包括单位面积粮食产量、研发支出强度、农业产业结构和农业科技创新成果等9个维度指标,通过面板数据回归分析不同地区农业科技研发支出对农业生产的影响路径机理。【结果】我国整体科技研发支出对农业生产的影响具有空间异质性,表现为西部地区科技研发支出对农业生产作用呈显著正向效应,东部地区科技研发支出对农业生产作用呈显著负向效应。农业科技创新对农业生产影响效果显著,其中,东部和中部地区农业科技创新对农业生产影响不显著,西部和东北部地区农业科技创新效果显著。农业科技创新可调节研发支出对农业生产的影响,且调节作用在西部地区作用显著,其他地区不显著;整体创新环境可调节农业科技创新对农业生产的影响,其调节作用均为负向,且仅在西部地区的作用显著。【建议】调整政府农业科技研发支出的空间结构,根据产业结构和产业特点分配研发支出;根据区域产业特征制定相应的农业科技创新激励政策,建立农业科技创新企业认定资格体系;建立独立的农业科技成果交易市场,通过成立国立技术收储公司盘活市场。

【Objective】This paper aimed at studying the specific influence mechanism of agricultural researchand development(R&D)expenditure and agricultural innovation on agricultural production,so that provided a theoretical reference for promoting the development of agricultural economy and achieving the transformation of agricultural industry.【Method】This paper collected the data of 30 provinces(autonomous regions or municipalities)of China from 2005 to2017,including nine dimensions indicators,such as the area output of grain,the strength of R&D spending,agricultural structure and agricultural scientific and technology innovation achievements. By using the method of panel data regression analysis,the mechanism of agricultural R&D on agricultural production in difference regions were studied.【Result】The results of research showed that the effects of overall R&D expenditure on agricultural production had spatial heterogeneity,the effects were significantly positive in the west,but significantly negative in the east. Agricultural S&T innovation had a significant impact on agricultural production,while it had no significant impact in the eastern and central regions,but significant impact in the western and north-eastern regions. Agricultural S&T innovation could regulate the impact of agricultural R&D expenditure on agricultural production,which was significant in western region,but not in other regions. The overall innovation environment could regulate the impact of agricultural S&T innovation on agricultural production,which had negative impact on S&T innovation,and this effect was only significant in the western region.【Suggestion】Governments should adjust the spatial structure of agricultural R&D expenditure,and distribute the R&D expenditure according to industrial structure and characters. According to the characteristics of regional industries,governments should formulate corresponding incentive policies for agricultural S&T innovation. An independent market should be established for trading agricultural S&T achievements,and revitalize the market by founding state-owned enterprise to store the techniques.