飞地经济与横向生态补偿机制构建探索——以成都、甘孜共建成甘工业园区为例

Exploration of Enclave Economy and Horizontal Ecological Compensation Mechanism——Taking “Cheng-Gan Industrial Park” Jointly Constructed by Chengdu and Ganzi as An Example

中央专项转移支付是目前我国实行生态补偿的主要方式,地区间的横向生态补偿机制尚处探索阶段,加快形成地区间横向生态补偿机制的具体模式是生态文明体系建设的重要内容。2015年,四川省成都市和甘孜州合作共建的“飞地产业园区”——成甘工业园区被认为是贯彻党中央构建横向生态补偿机制精神的典范。本文通过对成甘工业园区的详细考察,在与传统工业园区发展模式进行多维比较的基础上,认为“飞地经济”模式下的工业园区能够为探索地区间横向生态补偿机制提供积极经验,总体上符合两地的共同利益。但与传统模式相比,飞地经济模式存在运行逻辑上的内在差异,这种差异导致博弈过程中的弱势方甘孜州在客观上承担了能源、资源输出以及优惠政策中转的责任,可能引发甘孜州的新型贫困等潜在问题。因此,建议通过加快构建甘孜州水电资源开发生态修复产业化制度、完善现有的“成甘飞地经济”模式、实施“产城一体”的飞地工业园区发展战略等措施推动飞地经济更好服务于生态补偿机制建设。

The central special transfer payment is the main way to implement ecological compensation in China.The horizontal ecological compensation mechanism between regions is still in the exploratory stage.The specific model of accelerating the formation of the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism between regions is an im portant part of the construction of an ecological civilization system.In 2015,Chengdu and Ganzi in Sicuan province jointly constructed an“Enclave Industrial Park”--Cheng-gan Industrial Park is considered as a model to imple ment the spirit of the Party Central Committee to build a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism.Through the detailed inspection of the Cheng-gan Industrial Park,based on a multi-dimensional comparison with the tradi tional industrial park development model,this paper believes that the industrial park under the"enclave economy"model can provide positive experience for exploring horizontal ecological compensation mechanisms between re gions,which is in line with the common interests of the two places.However,compared with the traditional model,the enclave economic model has inherent differences in operating logic.This difference causes the disadvantaged party(Ganzi)in the game to objectively assume the responsibility for the transfer of energy,resources,and preferen tial policies,which may cause potential problems such as new type of poverty in Ganzi.Therefore,this paper propos es to promote the enclave economy by accelerating the construction of an ecological restoration and industrialization system for the development of hydropower resources in Ganzi Prefecture,improve the existing model of“encompass ing the enclave economy”,and implement the development strategy of the“Industry-city Integration”enclave indus trial park to promote enclave economy to better serve the construction of ecological compensation mechanism.