釉质形成相关基因多态性与龋易感性关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between enamel-related gene polymorphisms and caries susceptibility

龋病是牙体硬组织发生慢性进行性破坏的一种高发的口腔疾病。釉质是牙冠最表层的硬组织,釉质形成相关基因在釉质的发育中起着重要作用,釉质的脱矿是导致龋病发生的先决条件。因此,本文就釉质形成相关基因多态性与龋易感性之间的关系及其可能的作用机制进行相关综述,以期为龋病的防治提供新思路。文献复习结果表明,釉质形成相关基因多态性可能通过影响釉质的发育和结构,增加或减少机体的龋易感性,如ENAM rs3796703 CT可以增加龋易感性,AMBN rs34538475 TT可以降低龋易感性。未来关于影响釉质结构或发育的釉质形成相关基因多态性的检测和分析可能是评估龋易感性的临床新方法,对龋病的早期防治意义重大。

Caries is a frequently occurring oral disease that is caused by chronic,progressive destruction of dental hard tissue.The enamel is the superficial layer of the tooth crown;enamel formation⁃related genes play an important role in the development of enamel,and enamel demineralization is a prerequisite for the occurrence of caries.Therefore,this paper reviewed the relationship between enamel⁃related gene polymorphisms and caries susceptibility and its possi⁃ble mechanisms to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of caries.The results of a literature review showed that the gene polymorphisms related to enamel formation may increase or decrease susceptibility to caries by in⁃fluencing the development and structure of enamel.For example,ENAM rs3796703 CT can increase the susceptibility to caries,and AMBN rs34538475 TT can reduce the susceptibility to caries.In the future,the detection and analysis of polymorphisms related to enamel formation that affect the structure or development of enamel may serve as a clinical method to evaluate the susceptibility of caries,which is of great significance for the early prevention and treatment of the disease.