果园六种常用杀虫剂对凹唇壁蜂的毒性及生态风险评估

Toxicity of Six Insecticides Common Used in Orchards to Osmia excavate( Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and Their Ecological Risk Assessment

为研究甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、乙基多杀菌素、苏云金杆菌、石硫合剂和氟吡呋喃酮6种果树常用杀虫剂对凹唇壁蜂的毒性以及生态风险性,采用饲喂法和接触法测定了6种杀虫剂对凹唇壁蜂雌性成蜂48 h的急性毒性影响,并对6种农药在喷施场景下对凹唇壁蜂的风险性进行了评估。结果表明,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、乙基多杀菌素、苏云金杆菌、石硫合剂、氟吡呋喃酮对凹唇壁蜂的急性接触毒性、急性经口毒性均为低毒;根据6种杀虫剂在喷施场景下的危害熵(HQ)值,6种杀虫剂经接触法和饲喂法对凹唇壁蜂的风险性均为低风险。这为凹唇壁蜂的保护利用及果树合理施药提供了理论支持。

In order to study the toxicity of six com;mon used insecticides in orchards to Osmia excavate( Hymenoptera∶Megachilidae) and their ecological risk,the avermectin,avermectin,ethyl spinosyn,Bacillus thuringiensis,stone sulphur and flupirfenone were selected for the experiment. Through feeding and contact methods,their acute toxicity to the female Osmia excavate was observed in 48 h,and their risk was assessmented in the spraying scene. The results showed that the acute contact and feeding toxicities of emamectin,avermectin,ethoxysporin,Bacillus thuringiensis,stone sulphur mixture and flupirfenone were low to the Osmia excavata. According to the harmful entropy( HQ) values of the six insecticides in the spraying scene,their risk to Osmia excavata was low through contact and feeding methods. These conclusions would provide theoretical supports for the protection and utilization of Osmia excavata and the rational application of the insecticides for fruit trees.