最低工资制度就业效应的行业异质性研究——来自省际工业行业数据的证据

An Analysis of the Employment Effect of China’s Minimum Wage System——Evidence from Provincial Industry Data

利用2001-2016年中国23个工业行业省际面板数据,采用系统GMM方法,从细分行业视角实证检验了最低工资制度的就业效应。研究发现:在不同特点的行业组,最低工资制度的就业效应存在着显著的异质性。为检验不同特点行业最低工资制度就业效应的异质性特征,依据要素密集度、行业规模、国有资本比重等对全样本进行划分。分样本估计结果显示:最低工资制度抑制资本密集度高、规模小、国有资本占比低行业的就业,对劳动密集型、国有资本占比较高行业的就业没有显著冲击,不仅如此,最低工资制度促使规模较大行业吸纳更多劳动力就业。进一步,最低工资标准的提升对黑色金属矿采选业、食品制造业、金属制品业等11个工业行业的就业影响显著为负,对黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、化学原料及化学制品制造业2个工业行业的就业影响显著为正,对煤炭开采和洗选业、石油和天然气开采业、有色金属矿采选业等10个行业的就业影响不显著。各级政府最低工资标准的制定应充分考虑行业特征,使最低工资标准能真正发挥保障劳动者权益的最大功效。

In this paper, the employment effect of the minimum wage system was tested for the first time from the perspective of detailed industries by using the data of the inter-provincial panel data of 23 industrial industries in China from 2001 to 2016 and adopting the systematic GMM method. It is found that the employment effect of the minimum wage system is significantly different in different industries. Minimum wage has a significant negative impact on employment to the capital intensive, smaller and low proportion of state-owned capital industry, has no obvious effect on employment to the labor intensive and high proportion of state-owned capital industry, has a significant role for larger industry employment. Furthermore, the industry group regression results are verified by subdivision. The robustness test still supports this conclusion. The establishment of the minimum wage standard of governments at all levels should take into full account of the characteristics of the industry, so that the minimum wage standard can truly play the biggest role in safeguarding the rights and interests of workers.