海上保险法“保险利益”原则之历史变迁及其当代启示

Historical Changes of the Principle of “Insurable Interest” in Marine Insurance Law and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

早期海上保险法对于“保险利益”的认定遵循“法律联系”原则,之后各国均对此作出宽松解释,如我国与英国法院的判决;美国、澳大利亚与挪威法直接以“经济联系”原则取代“法律联系”原则。本文将遵循历史脉络,仔细梳理海上保险法“保险利益”制度的演进,在各个阶段将其与一般保险法的相关原则进行比较,探讨其历史起源以及理论意义,最后对两法趋同的效率性进行解读,并对我国《海商法》的修改提出建议。

Marine insurance law followed the principle of legal connection for insurable interest in the early stage,which was later interpreted loosely by many countries,such as the judgment of Chinese and the British court.With respect to laws of the United States,Australia and Norway,the principle of legal connection was directly replaced by economic connection.This research follows the historical change,summarizes the evolution of the institution of“insurable interest”in marine insurance law.It compares this law with the relevant principles of general insurance law in different stages,and explore its historical origin and theoretical significance.Finally,it interprets the efficiency for the convergence of the two laws,and proposes suggestions for the revision of Chinese Maritime Law.