高速钢制备和热处理工艺的研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of High-Speed-Steel’s Preparation and Heat Treatment Process

高速钢主要用于制造各种机床的切削刀具和轧辊材料,对我国制造业的发展意义重大。综述了传统铸造法、粉末冶金法、喷射成型法和电渣重熔法制备高速钢的研究进展,探讨了4种制备方法的优缺点,重点分析了高速钢热处理流程(分段预处理→高温淬火→多次回火)中各阶段的主要目标、温度和时间选择、物相转化、沉淀硬化和碳化物种类,提出高速钢未来的主要制备工艺是铸造法和粉末冶金法,并指出了对热处理过程中碳化物的种类、溶解、析出、转化和分布进行研究,将是未来的研究重点和方向。

High speed steel is mainly used to make cutting-tools of machine tools and roll materials,which is of great significance to the development of manufacturing industry in our country.The research state and prospect of processing methods for high speed steel,including conventional casting,powder metallurgy,spray-up process and electroslag remelting were summarized.And the advantages and disadvantages of four preparation processes were discussed in this paper.The close attention was paid to the main objectives,temperature and time selection,phase transformation,precipitation hardening and carbide species of heat treatment process(section pretreatment,high temperature quenching and multiple tempering).The conventional casting and powder metallurgy are going to be the main preparation technologies for high speed steel.Moreover,the emphasis and direction for the future heat treatment process study were proposed,including the types,dissolution,precipitation,transformation and distribution of carbides.