帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪处罚模式新论

A New Discussion on the Punishment Mode of Helping Information Cybercrime

《刑法修正案(九)》新增帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪,此罪名的处罚模式引发了学界关于网络犯罪帮助行为正犯化是否突破传统共同犯罪理论中共犯从属性原理的激烈争论。帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪处罚模式之理论评价概括主要有三种,即“正犯化说”“量刑规则说”以及“不作为处罚说”,但均存在不足,未能有效解释法条并指导实际办案。为了有效规制信息网络犯罪中的帮助行为,应当倡导“综合性说”处罚模式,即分情况分别坚持共犯从属性原理和帮助行为正犯化原理:当被帮助人犯罪时,依被帮助人实施的罪名之共犯处罚;当被帮助人未犯罪时,只有达到“情节严重”的帮助行为才定性为“帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪”。在坚持“综合性说”处罚模式的理论基础上,对“主体”“明知”“情节严重”等罪状要素进行了新的体系解释。

Criminal LawAmendment(IX)added the crime of helping information cybercrime,and the punishment mode of this crime has triggered the academic debate on whether the cybercrime helping behavior is breaking the accomplices in the traditional joint crime theory.There are three main theoretical evaluations of the punishment mode for helping information cybercrime,including"positive criminalization theory","sentencing rules theory"and"nonfeasance punishment theory".There are inadequacies in all these theories.These theories cannot effectively interpret the lawand guide the actual handling of the case.In order to effectively regulate the helping behavior in information cybercrime,we should adopt the"comprehensive theory"punishment mode,which strictly adheres to the principle of accomplice and the positive criminalization principle of helping behavior.When a person is helped to commit a crime,the accomplice should be punished according to the crime of being helped.When the person being helped does not commit a crime,only the helping behavior that leads to"serious circumstances"is defined as"helping the crime of information cybercrime".On the basis of the theory of penalizing the"comprehensive theory"punishment mode,a new systematic explanation can be given to the elements of crime such as"subject","knowing"and"serious circumstances".