基于IC卡数据的公交通勤熵变模型的构建与应用

Construction and Application of Transit Commuting Entropy Change Model Based on Smart Card Data

建立利用公交IC卡数据计算公交过剩通勤熵变的框架,对优化城市居民通勤出行距离的难易程度进行定量分析.结合公交出行的特点,构建基于Wilson熵模型和双约束重力模型的公交通勤熵变模型;以广州市居民公共交通IC卡数据为例,对通勤筛选、单元问题及过剩通勤熵变评价等进行探讨.结果发现,采用约1 km×1 km的单元格划分是城市公交通勤熵变模型中适合的单元划分方式,公交过剩通勤的熵变能够有效衡量平均通勤距离减少的难易程度和检验改变通勤行为相关政策的有效性.

The framework to calculate the entropy change of excess commuting utilizing the transit smart card data is proposed,so that the level of the difficulty of reducing the average transit commuting distance can be identified.Firstly,the transit entropy change model was proposed for transit by combining the Wilson entropy model and the doubly constrained gravity model;then a case study utilizing the smart card data of Guangzhou was presented,and the process of commuting screening,the influence of the unit problem based on the Thiessen polygon method and the applications of entropy change of excess commuting were discussed in details.It is found that the grid division of about 1 km×1 km is suitable for the proposed model for urban transit analysis,and the entropy change can be used to measure the level of difficulty of reducing the average commuting distance and to verify the effectiveness of the policies to change commuting behavior in urban transit.