促进供暖能源转型的经济激励政策国际经验研究

Study on International Experience of Economic Incentive Policies on Heating Energy Transformation

在国内,补贴政策是促进清洁取暖发展的关键手段。目前,清洁取暖补贴政策尚缺乏针对性、精准性设计,清洁取暖市场化机制尚未建立,影响清洁取暖的可持续发展。为此,通过梳理英国、德国、丹麦等国家在供暖领域的能源转型方向、经济激励政策,分析政策实施效果,总结政策设计与实施经验,为国内清洁取暖的补助政策设计以及实施提供启发与借鉴。结果表明:基于市场化机制的经济激励政策在英国等国家供热能源转型中发挥了关键作用;以精准的补助政策设计确保政策科学有效;在经济激励政策之外,其他配套政策的设计协同促进政策效益最大化;在政策实施过程中,系统的监测与评估体系确保政策执行效果的有效监测,为政策调整提供有力证据;在有效的经济激励政策支持下,英国、德国、丹麦等国家供热能源转型成效显著。

Subsidy policy is a key means to promote the development of clean heating in China.At present,the subsidy policy for clean heating in China is lack of pertinence and imprecise,and the market-oriented mechanism for clean heating has not yet been established,which will affect the sustainable development of clean heating.To this end,this paper sorts out the energy transformation path and economic incentive policies in the UK,Germany,Denmark in the field of heating,analyzes the implementation performance,and summarizes the experience of policy design and implementation,which would provide inspiration and reference for the design and implementation of policies in China.The results show that the economic incentive policies based on market mechanism plays a key role in the heating energy transformation in the UK and other countries.The accurate subsidy policies ensure their scientific and effective.In addition to economic incentive policies,there are other supporting policies designed to promote the maximization of policy benefits.In the process of policy implementation,systematic monitoring and evaluation system ensures effective monitoring of policy implementation effect and provides strong evidence for policy adjustment.Under the support of effective economic incentive policies,the UK,Germany and Denmark have achieved remarkable results in heating energy transformation.