胡塞尔“部分”范畴的形成:一段概念史的考察

Formation of Husserl’s Mereology:A Survey of Begriffsgeschichte

部分的逻辑结构在当代形而上学中具有重要位置,它一方面被用来分析形而上学的诸多议题,甚至成为了当代唯名论最佳辩护理论之一,另一方面它又是逻辑的本体论研究与应用中的主要理论。从历史上看,部分整体理论既涉及古希腊和中世纪形而上学研究的核心问题,又能够在当代哲学中将现象学、波兰逻辑学派和逻辑经验主义、逻辑实用主义进行跨界关联。因此,考察"部分"范畴的兴起具有重要的哲学史价值。"部分"范畴研究正式起源于黑格尔逻辑学之后,经过鲍尔扎诺的新逻辑学和布伦塔诺学派的形而上学研究,一直到胡塞尔,"部分"范畴才形成了明确的现代内涵,并开启了"部分"范畴的形式化研究道路。

Mereology is quite important in contemporary metaphysics.It is used to analyze many issues of metaphysics on the one hand,and has even become one of the best defense theories of contemporary nominalism.On the other hand,it is the main theory in research and application of ontology of logic.Historically,mereology involves not only the core issues of metaphysics research in ancient Greece and the Middle Ages,but also can associate phenomenology and Polish logic school with logical empiricism and logical pragmatism in contemporary philosophy.Therefore,examining the rise of mereology has important philosophical historical value.The mereology research officially originated in Hegelian logic,and after studying the new logic of Bolzano and the metaphysics of the Brentano School,until Husserl,mereology formed its explicit modern connotation and opened the way for its formal research.