阿尔及利亚去极端化模式:手段、成效与困境

Algerian Model of De-Radicalization: Means, Effects and Challenges

自20世纪90年代后期以来,阿尔及利亚采取去极端化与其他反恐措施并举、矫正极端分子与预防高危群体并重、个体去极端化与集体去极端化相结合、政府与社会共治,以及针对不同人群制定有针对性的防治方案等策略开展去极端化工作。至21世纪第一个十年中期,阿尔及利亚的去极端化行动取得显著成效,长达十年的内战宣告结束,国内环境出现极端宗教派别温和化、温和宗教派别世俗化、社会思想多元化等趋势。然而,由于存在对投诚极端分子的善后工作不足、缺乏对极端分子之间人脉网络发展的有效遏制,以及在不同宗教派别之间“拉一派、打一派”导致管理失控等问题,加之国际极端主义的兴起与周边局势出现动荡,近年来阿尔及利亚极端主义出现回潮之势。针对阿尔及利亚的个案考察可以为研究去极端化的效果并防止极端主义复发提供有益借鉴与启示。

Since the late 1990s,Algeria combined its counter-radicalism with other anti-terrorism measures,correction of radicals behaviors with prevention of high-risk social groups,and individual de-radicalization with collective de-radicalization.Meanwhile,the country was dependent on both social and government works,and employed different policies towards various targeted groups in its de-radicalization practices.By the mid-2010s,Algeria s de-radicalization methods had achieved remarkable results.When the decade-long civil war ended,there were trends of moderation of religious groups,secularization of moderate religious groups,and diversification of social ideologies.However,due to the lack of the tracking system towards the repentant radicals,the failure of destroying the networks among radicals,and the problems with the country s way of manipulating different Islamist groups,as well as the international rise of radicalism and the turmoil in surrounding countries,Algeria has witnessed the resurgence of radicalism in recent years.The case study of Algeria can provide useful insights for the study of effects of de-radicalization and the prevention of the recurrence of radicalism.