从社会调停到国家主导:埃及政府去极端化政策的演变

From Social Mediation to State-Led Reform: The Evolution of Egypt’s De-Radicalization Policies

埃及境内的伊斯兰极端主义兴起于20世纪70年代,在20世纪90年代和2011年“一·二五革命”后,埃及还经历了伊斯兰极端组织的大规模叛乱。埃及国内的社会经济困境和国际与地区形势的动荡构成了极端主义抬头的“推动”和“拉动”因素。在穆巴拉克和塞西总统执政时期,埃及政府先后推出过打击和预防极端主义的政策,并且从通过社会力量规劝极端组织放弃暴力行为和意识形态,转向由国家机构主导对宗教意识形态进行修正。从政策效果来看,埃及政府去极端化政策的实践产生了积极效果,但去极端化政策的效果也取决于政府能否有效解决社会和经济问题。

Since the 1970s when Islamic Extremism emerged in Egypt,the country has witnessed two waves of large-scale radical Islamist insurgency,respectively in 1990s and in the post-January 25 revolution era.The driving factors are considered to be the socieo-economic predicaments and turbulent regional situation.In the Mubarak and Al-Sisi eras,the Egyptian government adopted policies to prevent and counter extremism.During these periods,Egyptian government has transformed its policies from relying on social mediation to de-radicalize extremist groups behaviorally and ideologically,to state-led reform aimed at religious ideology modification.These policies have achieved positive effects,but the socieo-economic predicaments,as root of extremism,remain unsettled.