大坝安全监管:当前各国实践概述

Regulation of dam safety:an overview of current practice worldwide

国际大坝委员会针对全球44个成员国的大坝安全法律框架和责任分配、大坝分类体系以及大坝安全技术框架进行调查总结,讨论了各国大坝安全监管体系的差异和趋势。几乎所有国家都设有法律框架,由业主承担大坝安全责任,采纳“双人原则”进行大坝监管,根据大坝规模或潜在风险进行大坝分类。

A survey of dam safety legal framework,responsibility for dam safety,dam classification and technical framework in 44 countries are carried out by International Commission on Large Dams.This paper presents the difference and development in dam safety supervision of countries.Almost all coun⁃tries have a legal framework and dam owners are responsible for dam safety.Moreover,four-eyes-principle is the basis of dam supervision and dams are classified depending on their size and/or their failure conse⁃quences or hazard potential.