从冲突走向融会：近代红十字文化的本土化演进

From Conflict to Integration: Localization of Modern Red Cross Culture

红十字文化宣扬人道主义,作为一种异质文化,近代在登陆中国的过程中不可避免地与传统慈善文化发生碰撞。为化解冲突,融入异质文化圈,早期中国红十字会采用附会传统文化、宣扬功德果报思想的方式,以适应国人的心理诉求。随着战时民族主义的高涨和红十字救护实践的开展,红十字会在宣传理念方面,以责任服务说代替功德果报说,意欲从传统慈善事业中剥离出来,实现现代转型。然而红十字文化并未截然与传统慈善文化相割裂,而是在求同存异中走向融会,成功实现本土化建设。红十字文化本土化的演进轨迹折射了现代与传统文化间的张力,也揭示了外来文化传播的一般原理和机制,即经历一个"接触-碰撞-适应-转型-融会"的过程,最终推进文化的新陈代谢和重构。

The Red Cross culture promotes humanitarianism. As a heterogeneous culture, it inevitably collides with the traditional charity culture in the process of landing in China in modern times. In order to resolve the conflict and integrate into the heterogeneous cultural, the early Red Cross Society of China adopted the way of attaching the traditional culture and promoted the thought of karma in order to adapt to the psychological demands of the Chinese people. With the rise of nationalism during the war and the development of the aid practice of Red Cross, the Red Cross replaced the thought of karma with the concept of responsible service, intended to separate itself from traditional charity and realize the modern transformation. However, the Red Cross culture was not completely separated from the traditional charity culture, but integrated in seeking common ground while reserving differences, and successfully realized the localization. The evolution of Red Cross culture localization reflects the tension between modern and traditional culture, and also reveals the general principle and mechanism of foreign culture transmission, that is, it goes through a process of "contact--collision--adaptation--transformation--integration", and finally promotes the metabolism and reconstruction of culture.