电池管理系统的设计与实现

Design and implementation of battery management system

电池组内温度分布不均匀、电池之间自放电率不同等因素,造成电池组可用容量下降、寿命缩短、使用成本上升,并导致安全问题。采用"一主多从"电池管理系统(BMS)控制架构,阐述电池管理单元和集中管理单元的设计原则和方法。采用主动与被动相结合的混合式均衡,快速缩小电池之间的差异,延长电池组充放电时间,提高电池组充放电性能。实验结果表明,混合式均衡可缩小单体电池之间的最大SOC差异。在充电和放电时,最大SOC差异分别缩小1.898%和1.677%。混合式均衡可延长电池组充放电时长,充、放电时间分别延长2.127%和3.175%,高于主动均衡和被动均衡。

Performance and service life of battery packs were reduced and usage costs of battery packs were increased by the differences of temperature distribution and the self-discharge rates of batteries. In this paper,"One master and multiple slaves"battery management system( BMS) was adopted. The design principles and methods of battery management unit and centralized management unit were discussed in detail. A hybrid equalization combining active equalization and passive equalization was used to reduce the differences among batteries,prolong the charging and discharging duration and improve the performance of battery pack. The experimental results indicated that hybrid equalization could reduce the maximum SOC differences among the batteries. The reduction ratios of maximum SOC differences were 1. 898% and 1. 677% respectively during charging and discharging. Meanwhile,hybrid equalization could prolong the charging and discharging duration of battery pack by 2. 127% and3. 175% respectively,which was higher than active equalization and passive equalization.