闾阎营造：英格兰风土建筑学术确立进程考

The Research of English Vernacular Architecture History since 16th Century to Mid-20th Century

英格兰风土建筑作为乡村景观的物质载体、居住迁徙的历史见证,亦是不列颠文化传统认同和民族国家的建筑语言。英国学界一直是世界风土建筑的学术中心,具有研究对象的多元内涵和数世纪的历史跨度,方法论及问题域在战后主要拓展到社会学、地理学、人类学及生态学方向。本文通过对16世纪以来大量文献的整理与田野调查,归纳出英格兰风土建筑研究历经学术萌芽-样本考据-学科确立-学术成型-多维视野5个时段,并相应影响了同期居住建筑形态。研究表明,英国风土建筑学术遵循从狭义实体建筑形态到广义观念居住形态的过程,二战前的学术成果奠定了后续多维视野的研究基础。文中以学术问题域为切入点,并融合时间节点的史论分析方法,重新定义英国风土建筑的内涵,分析20世纪中叶前各阶段的时代主题、历史意义、逻辑主线与学术影响,建立风土建筑学术发展线与历史关联框架,并就中国风土建筑学术方向和研究方法进行讨论。

As an important material carrier of rural landscape,English vernacular architecture has experienced five periods of germination,sample textual research,discipline establishment,academic formation and multi-dimensional vision since the 16th century,which has affected the residential architecture morphology in the same period accordingly.The research shows that the study of vernacular architecture follows the process from the narrow sense of physical architecture morphology to the broad sense of conceptual housing morphology,and the academic accumulation stage before World War II laid the foundation for the diversification of follow-up research.From the perspective of research methodology and academic problem domain,this paper re-summarizes the connotation of British vernacular architecture and sorts out the theme of the times,the main thread of logic and the academic infl uence of each stage before the middle of the 20th century.The academic direction and research methods of Chinese vernacular architecture are also discussed in this paper.