中国城镇化与教育发展

Urbanization and Education Development in China

20世纪以来的人类发展史是一部波澜壮阔的城市文明塑造史,在风起云涌的世界城镇化国家公共档案中探路中国,进而在国家百年变迁中厘清中国城镇化由“规模”到“质量”的战略性转型理路,是进一步思考“城镇化、教育与中国发展”这一宏大理论命题的前提。研究发现:中国城镇化与教育具有深度持续互动关系:一方面,中国城镇化作为结构性因素,对教育起决定性作用。该决定性作用主要体现在中国城镇化“决定了传统教育公共管理体制变革”、“决定了向城性的城乡教育人口流动”、“决定了教育随人口变动的公共布局”、“决定了农村教育动态变迁宏观结构”、“决定了教育中农村群体的消费差异”、“不完整性致生独特弱势教育群体”六个层面上;另一方面,教育作为能动性因素,对城镇化的发展具促进性作用。该促进性作用主要体现在“教育促进农业人口积极向城镇迁移”、“教育通过人口市民化促进城镇稳定”、“教育塑造产业增长点促进城镇发展”、“教育促进城镇公共生活民主与文明”四个层面上。具体而言,教育在“直接”与“间接”两个维度上促进中国人口向城镇迁移,对新增城镇化率中的“三种人口”展开市民化来促进迁移稳定;教育通过“自身就是促进城镇发展的产业”、“自身提供产业投资的基础环境”、“自身直接加速城市产业孵化与创新”三种方式而推动中国城镇发展;教育推动城镇公共生活民主化、提升城镇品味和文化包容度来推进城市文明。

Human development history is a magnificent history of shaping urban civilization since the 20th century.It is the premise of further thinking about the grand theoretical proposition of"urbanization,education and China's development"is to explore the path of China in the public archives of the world's surging urbanization countries,and then to clarify the strategic transformation path of China's urbanization from"scale"to"quality"in the century-old national changes.The study found that:China's urbanization and education have a deep and continuous interactive relationship:On the one hand,as a structural factor,China's urbanization plays a decisive role in education.It is mainly reflected in six levels:China's urbanization“determines the traditional education public management system reform”,“determines the movement of urban and rural education population”,“determines the public distribution of education changes along with population”,“determines the dynamic macro-structure of rural education change”,“determines the consumption difference of rural groups in education”,and“incompleteness leads to unique disadvantaged education groups”;On the other hand,as an active factor education could promote the development of urbanization.It is mainly reflected in four levels:“education promotes population migration from rural to urban actively”,“education promotes urban stability through population citizenization”,“education promotes urbanization development by shaping the growth point of industry”,“education promotes the democracy and civilization of urban public life”.Specifically,education promotes the population migration to cities and towns from the two dimensions of"direct"and"indirect",and promotes the migration stability by citizenization of"three types of population"in the new urbanization rate.Education promotes the China’s urban development through three ways:"it is the industry that promotes the urban development","it provides the basic environment for industrial investment",and"it directly accelerates the incubation and innovation of urban industries".Education promotes the democratization of urban public life and improves urban taste and cultural tolerance to promote urban civilization.