脑膜炎球菌性疾病的流行及疫苗免疫策略进展

Meningococcal diseases: epidemic status and progress of vaccine immunization strategies

脑膜炎奈瑟球菌(Neisseria meningitidis,Nm)有13个血清群,其中A、B、C、W、X和Y群可引起侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病(Invasive Meningococcal Disease,IMD)。Nm引起的IMD呈全球性分布,A群一直是全球流行的主要病原,B、C群主要在工业化国家流行,W群是引起非洲IMD大流行的血清群,X、Y群引起的病例相当少见。目前,含有A、B、C、W和Y群成分的单价和多价Nm疫苗在全球范围内使用。根据不同国家和地区IMD流行特点,通过采取Nm疫苗常规接种和群体性接种的免疫策略,可以明显降低IMD的流行,从而实现阻断Nm传播。

Neisseria meningidis(Nm) has 13 serum groups, among which A, B, C, W, X and Y serogroups can cause invasive meningococcal disease(IMD). IMD caused by Nm has a global distribution. Serogroup A has been the main pathogen of global epidemic,while serogroup B and serogroup C are mainly prevalent in industrialized countries. Group W has caused IMD outbreaks in Africa, however, the cases caused by group X and group y are quite rare. At present, monovalent and multivalent meningococcal vaccines containing serogroup A, B, C, W and Y components are used worldwide. According to the epidemic characteristics of IMD in different countries, the prevalence of IMD can be significantly reduced and the transmission of Nm can be blocked by the immunization strategies of routine vaccination and mass vaccination.