中国退耕还林生态补偿研究

Analysis of Ecological Compensation for Returning Farmland to Forests in China

通过梳理和归纳相关文献了解中国退耕还林生态补偿发展历程。退耕还林生态补偿研究主要内容:退耕还林生态补偿机制研究区域集中,研究层次较低;退耕还林生态补偿标准研究较为科学,但实施起来比较困难;退耕还林生态补偿意愿研究对象单一,影响因素不够全面;退耕还林生态补偿对农户影响结果存在差异性;退耕还林生态补偿效应研究内容与尺度不够全面。未来中国退耕还林生态补偿可以在4个方面进行深入研究:加强差异化退耕还林生态补偿研究,结合各地实际合理制定补偿机制;丰富退耕还林生态补偿意愿研究,注意影响补偿客体意愿因素的多样性;注重研究方法的多学科交叉和创新;进一步在退耕还林生态补偿效应分析中拓宽研究内容与尺度。

⑴Background——In order to change the gradual deterioration of the environment,the government has launched the project of returning farmland to forests.The project of returning farmland to forests is an important measure to promote the harmonious development of man and nature and to realize the coordinated development of economy,society and natural environment.The establishment of a long-term ecological compensation mechanism for returning farmland to forests is conducive to improving farmers'awareness of ecological protection.It also provides basic living security for farmers,enhances the trust of farmers in the government and the confidence in returning farmland to forests,and promotes the sustainable development of both mankind and nature.⑵Methods——Based on the full-text database of China knowledge Network,this paper retrieves the articles on the theme of“returning farmland to forests and including compensation”by December 30,2018,and then we read and screen the searched articles.⑶Results——The research on eco-compensation for returning cropland to forestry program in China can be divided into three phases.Phase I(1999-2007):pilot program of returning cropland to forestry launched in 1999.The issue of eco-compensation for returning cropland to forestry aroused scholars'attention with notable increase in the number of published essays on relevant topics;Phase II(2008-2014):when the first round implementation of returning cropland to forestry policy was completed,scholars were closely following up on it till 2014 when the second round implementation kicked start,which drew extensive attention from the academic circle;Phase III(2015-2018):the research on eco-compensation for returning land to forestry program in China had been progressing steadily since 2015.Since 1999,there had been abundant research topics on eco-compensation for returning cropland to forestry,including eco-compensation mechanism and standard for returning cropland to forestry,farmers'willingness in program participation,the impact on farmers and effect analysis.Research contents mainly have the following features:the target areas of study for eco-compensation mechanism for returning cropland to forestry were concentrated with relatively low research level;the research on eco-compensation standard for returning cropland to forestry was reasonable in theory while the standard itself was difficult to get implemented;the research object for the willingness to participate in the eco-compensation program of returning cropland to forestry lacked diversity and thus did not engage all influencing factors;the impacts of eco-compensation program for returning cropland to forestry on farmers may differ by individual;the research content and scale of the effect of eco-compensation program for returning cropland to forestry was not comprehensive and broad enough.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——In conclusion,we may conduct the further study on the ecological compensation for returning farmland to forests in the future from the following aspects.First,we should strengthen the research on ecological compensation for returning farmland to forests in a differentiated way,and formulate a reasonable compensation mechanism in light of the actual situation in various regions.Second,we should enrich the research on ecological compensation willingness of returning farmland to forests,and pay attention to the diversity of factors affecting the willingness of compensation objects.Thirdly,we should pay attention to the interdisciplinary intersection and innovation of research methods.Fourth,we should extend the research content and scale in the analysis of ecological compensation effect of returning farmland to forests.