国有林场贫困测定与差异性研究

Research on Poverty Measurement and Differences of State-owned Forest Farms

基于2008—2017年国家林业局对中国28个省(市、区)国有林场的调研数据,运用等价性检验的方法从地理位置、经济状况、可持续经营和发展能力层面上对国有林场的贫困测度和差异性进行实证分析。研究结果表明:国有贫困林场不一定位于贫困县,并且与国有非贫困林场之间的差异逐渐缩小;国有贫困林场区域异质性强,经济发展水平较低;国有贫困林场在森林资源基础、人力资源基础、基础设施和生产条件等方面的可持续发展能力较差。因此,提出了相关林业部门应该鼓励国有贫困林场发展特色林产品;加大扶贫资金投入;改善职工生计条件;加强资金管理意识等政策建议。

⑴Background——The construction of state-owned forest farms in China has made tremendous achievements and became an important part of the development of China's forestry modernization and the construction of a beautiful China.Since the state-owned forest farms completed the reform of public institutions,a lot of work has been done in helping poor state-owned forest farms out of poverty,and some achievements have been made,but the poverty problem of state-owned forest farms has not been thoroughly solved.Therefore,clarifying the main differences between poor state-owned forest farms and non-poor state-owned forest farms is of great significance to the smooth development of poverty alleviation of poor state-owned forest farms in China.⑵Methods——Based on the survey data of state-owned forest farms in 28 provinces(municipalities and districts)in China from 2008 to 2017 by the State Forestry Administration.The article data selects 24805 sample sizes,the number of forest farms in China is 4855 and poor forest farms in China is 3455.The poverty measurement and differences of state-owned forest farms were empirically analyzed from the aspects of geographical location,economic status,sustainable management and development capacity by using the method of equivalence test.The list of state-owned poverty forest farms is derived from the Guidelines and Methods for Defining State-Owned Poverty-stricken Forest Farms promulgated by the National Forestry and Prairie Bureau in 2013(LY/T2088-2013).⑶Results——Based on the evaluation of poverty causes and index system of state-owned forest farms,the poverty measurement and differences of state-owned forest farms were empirically analyzed from the aspects of geographical location,economic status,sustainable management and development capacity.The study found that:Firstly,in terms of geographical location,the poor state-owned forest farms have strong regional heterogeneity,the characteristics of overall poverty and agglomeration effect.Secondly,through the analysis of the impact of economic factors,it was found that:The living conditions of workers have been improved,and the income and the residential area has increased;the social security premium owed by forest farms has decreased,the proportion of social security expenditure in total expenditure of forest farms is relatively high;and the proportion of female workers has greatly increased.However,in the total expenditure of state-owned forest farms,the proportion of workers'wage expenditure is still small.Thirdly,through the analysis of sustainable development capacity,it was found that the number of work areas and protection stations increases in the construction of forest farm infrastructure.However,the number of computer Internet access is relatively small,the proportion of dangerous old housing area in workers'residences and office buildings is high.The number of computer Internet access is small,and the density of road network in forest areas is small.Finally,through the comparison of development capacity,it was found that the poor state-owned forest farms have poor forest management.The asset-liability ratio is still high,and the investment in forest management and protection is insufficient.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Finally,this paper studied the poverty measurement and differences between state-owned forest farms and non-poverty forest farms.China's poverty alleviation work in state-owned forest farms is obviously limited by its own resource endowment.There are still some problems,such as the high proportion of dangerous old housing area in workers'residences and office buildings,the small number of computer Internet access and the low density of road network in forest farms.In addition,this paper only analyzed the differences between poor state-owned forest farms and non-poor state-owned forest farms through comparative analysis,not an estimate in absolute sense.Therefore,these problems still need to be further studied.