《民法总则》中个人信息的“可识别性”特征及其规范路径

The “Identifiability” Characteristics of Personal Information in General Principles of Civil Law and Its Path of Protection

大数据技术将人类生活全面数字化。除了个体的身份,个体的行为轨迹也会被数字化,并上传于线上的数据流中。可识别性作为个人信息的基本特征,以识别目标为基础,可划分为身份识别和行为识别。基于这种划分,可以将个人信息的民事保护路径进行区分,在《民法总则》规定了个人信息应当受到保护的前提下,将身份识别信息和行为识别信息区分保护。对身份识别信息的保护从其本身被泄露的风险出发;对行为识别信息的保护,在去除身份识别可能性的基础上,施行较为宽松的保护模式。目的是维护信息资源有序使用秩序,从而实现大数据时代的数据红利。

The big data technology digitizes people’s life in every daily detail.In addition to individual’s identity,an individual’s behavior will be digitized and uploaded to the online data stream.As the basic characteristics of personal information,identifiability can be divided into identity recognition and behavior recognition.Based on this method,the civil protection of personal information can be distinguished and refined in two paths:on the premise that personal information should be protected in the General Provisions of the Civil Law,the identification information and behavior identification information should be protected separately.The protection path of the former is based on the risk of being leaked,and the protection path of the latter is based on the elimination of the possibility of identity recognition.The purpose of this method is to maintain the orderly use of information resources and to achieve the data bonus in the big data era.