消防车装置冻堵机制分析及防冻保障系统设计

Analysis of the freezing mechanism of the fire engine device and the design of the antifrozen protection system

针对极寒气候条件下消防车因低温影响导致关键部位冻堵无法发挥正常性能、影响灭火救援行动顺利开展的问题,设计了一套消防车防冻保障系统。通过试验对消防车发动机动力系统、消防作业系统中易发生冻堵的装置进行了测试,研究了其冻堵机制,结合装置特性,设计研制出相应的加热保温装备和应急保障系统,并制定了管理措施。性能测试验证了该系统可以使消防车在寒冷恶劣条件下长时间正常作业,有效提升了消防车在极寒天气中的作战效能。

In order to deal with the problem of high incidence fire rate,the present paper has designed an antifreeze protection system particularly in autumn and winter seasons. Nevertheless,antifire engines used to refuse to be operating properly and efficiently due to the low temperature in extremely cold weather,so affecting the efficient operation due to the antifire fighting engines and the corresponding rescue actions. To solve the problem,we have managed to test and examine the fire-fighting devices which are prone to get frozen and blocked with the engine’s power system and the fire fighting operation system respectively. As a result,we have found that in the vehicle power system,the-35#diesel oil adopted by the fire engine would like to get frozen 13 minutes later in the outdoor conditions or the experimental devices at the temperature of-36 ℃,even if the said oil in the fuel tank tends to get frozen 40 minutes later. When we were doing the test outside of the room temperature of at-40 ℃,the oil of SAE5 W engine tends to get thicker with its flowing behavior getting slakened 4 hours later. And,in contrast,in the fire protected operation system,the devices,such as the fire pump,pipeline and the valve body,may tend to get frozen and even get going to be broken or damaged during a short break of time due to the existence of some water left-over. And,then,if combined with the freezing and blocking mechanism of the device,the heating and heat warmth preservation equipment and emergency supporting system particularly designed,the corresponding management method can still be identified properly. The said warmth preservation system can be said constituting the following 6 categories of heating and heat preservation devices,such as the diesel antifreeze device,the oil preheating device,the device for heating and thawing the external equipment or facilities of the fire engine via the exhaust gas emission of the fire engine. And,finally,a S5301 GXFJP16 fire engine equipped with a full set of systems has been taken as the typical sample for testing the system performance under the out-of-room temperature at-30 ℃ .Thus,the above given comparative tests can demonstrate vividly that the entire antifreezing system should be able to ensure the normal operation of the fire engine in the cold weather. Hence,the capability of the fire engine under low temperature conditions can be developed properly,efficiently and effectively.