欧美生命伦理委员会的机构建设与咨询服务

Institutional Construction and Advisory Services of Bioethics Committee in European Countries and the United States

在当今国际世界,生命伦理学已经发展成一种国际性的“社会运动”,成为学术界和公众关注的热点领域。在欧美国家健全和完善现代医疗保健制度过程中,“生命伦理委员会”起到至关重要的作用,它不仅促使人们从伦理学角度探索“我/我们应当如何决定和行为”的问题,也推动社会从制度建构和文化塑造层面回答“政府应当如何行为”、“如何增进公民的生命伦理意识”等问题,并从哲学领域深入探索如何应对生命伦理学理论与实践中的复杂问题与困境,论证相关伦理选择及其实践的合理性。20世纪60年代以来,欧美社会生命伦理学在机构建设、咨询服务和思维方式等方面的经验可以为中国生命伦理学学科发展及生命伦理委员会建设提供有益的参考。

In today's international world,bioethics has developed into an international"social movement"that has become a hot topic for the academia and the public."Bioethics Committee"plays a vital role in the development process of improving the modern health care in European countries and the United States.It not only requires to explore,from the ethics perspective,"How should I/we decide and act",but from the institutional construction and cultural background to answer the questions concerning"How should the government act","How can we raise the civic awareness in bioethics".Since the 1960s,some experiences,such as the institutional construction,consulting service and the way of philosophical thinking in European countries and the Untied States can provide a useful reference for the development of bioethics and Bioethics Committees in China.