英国古典大学一流本科教育的理念基石与实践保障——基于牛津、剑桥两校本科教育的考察

On the Idea Basis and Practical Support of the First-class Undergraduate Education in Classic Universities of Britain——Based on the Investigation of the Undergraduate Education in Oxford and Cambridge Universities

以牛津大学和剑桥大学为代表的英国古典大学素以卓越人才培养为大学的核心目标。其本科教育历经数百年的发展,不仅保持着一流的教学质量,而且形成了鲜明的办学特色。两校奉行博雅教育理念,强调发展学生广泛的学术兴趣,培养学生独立思考、批判思维、创造思维的能力及终身学习能力,鼓励学生大胆质疑,勇于挑战学术权威,积极关注社会现实。在制度上以学院寄宿制和本科生导师制为依托。通过学院寄宿制和本科生导师制,导师对学生进行文化熏陶和感染,促进学生独立思考能力的发展。在中国以高等教育内涵式发展为核心任务的改革过程中,深入挖掘英国古典大学一流本科教育的有益经验,结合中国国情,树立追求卓越的本科教育观,创新“以本为本”的人才培养模式,因地制宜地推行本科生导师制,对于建设具有中国特色的一流本科教育具有重要意义。

To develop the outstanding talents is the core goal of the undergraduate education in classic universities of Britain,including Oxford University and Cambridge University.After hundreds of years of development,their undergraduate education has not only maintained the first-class teaching quality,but also formed a distinctive school characteristics.Their first-class undergraduate education pursue the idea of liberal education that emphasizes the broad academic interest,developing an independent,critical,creative mind and lifetime learning ability,and encouraging students to give a call in question,to challenge academic authority,to focus on social reality.The primary purpose of the ancient universities is training talents.The first-class undergraduate education is based on the boarding college system and the tutorial system of undergraduates.In the colleges,the tutors develop the independent thinking of students by having influence of culture on them.In the current reform process with the connotation development of higher education as the core task in China,it is important to deeply tap the beneficial experience of the first-class undergraduate education in British classical universities,establish the undergraduate education concept of pursuing excellence,innovate the talent training mode of“based on the original”,and implement the undergraduate tutor system according to local conditions,which is beneficial to the construction of the first-class undergraduate education with Chinese characteristics.